The TFI Leap Card is Ireland's travel card for public transport, used across Dublin Bus, Luas & DART. Despite its widespread adoption, the Leap Card mobile app has faced criticism for its user experience. This project aimed to redesign the Leap Card mobile app to enhance usability, streamline the top-up process, and introduce features that cater to users' needs.
Date:
May 2023
Client:
TFI
Services:
UI/UX
Project Details
User feedback and informal research indicated several issues with the existing Leap Card app including:
Limited Top-Up Options: Users could not freely choose custom top-up amounts.
Lack of Virtual Card: There was no option to use a virtual card within the app.
No Auto Top-Up Feature: Users had to manually top up their cards, leading to inconvenience when boarding public transport.
Difficult Login Process: The login process was cumbersome, deterring usersfrom using the app
Research & Insights
Heuristic Analysis
Using Nielsen's 10 Usability Heuristics, we identified key usability issues:
Visibility of System Status: Top-up confirmations were unclear, leaving users uncertain about transaction success.
User Control and Freedom: Users lacked the ability to input custom top-up amounts, limiting flexibility.
Heuristic Analysis
Surveys
For quantitative research we conducted a survey with 63 respondents. The most interesting data collected from the survey was:
45% of Leap Card holders used the app to top up.‍
86% expressed interest in using their phone to pay.
Interviews
Qualitative interviews provided deeper insights into user frustrations, particularly regarding the lack of a virtual card and the inability to set up auto top-ups. If I had more time, I would have conducted more user interviews. Although, the combined data from the survey and the interviews provided enough insight for the team to start working with.
Persona & Empathy Maps
We developed personas to represent our user base. For example 'Emma', a busy mother managing multiple Leap Cards for her children, highlighted the need for features like group card management and easy balance tracking. We also created empathy maps for each. These are essential to help create a life-like image of the persona.
Personas
Empathy Map for Emma
Research & Insights
Based on our research, we formulated the following problem statement:
How might we create a system which gives users more control over managing and paying for public transport?
Ideation
We identified four key areas for improvement. We designed the following features.
Virtual Leap Card – tap to travel, no plastic card needed
Streamlined Login – faster access with Face ID and fewer barriers
Group Card Management – perfect for parents or carers managing more than one account
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Prototyping & Testing
We developed wireframes and interactive prototypes incorporating the new features. Usability testing sessions were conducted with participants to gather feedback.
First Iteration
Our initial concept aimed to fix the biggest friction points fast:
Redesigned the login experience using Face ID and one-tap entry
Created basic wireframes for account management and balance tracking
Early user feedback:
Loved the virtual card idea but found onboarding “a bit long”
Wanted clearer separation between personal and family cards
The top-up flow needed more visibility around balance updates
Second Iteration
We took that feedback and refined:
Shortened onboarding with a “Skip for now” option for the virtual card
Added a card switcher to the home screen to easily manage multiple cards
Improved top-up confirmation screens so users felt confident transactions went through
Refined visual hierarchy and spacing based on accessibility heuristics
We also added:
A toggle for auto top-up with low-balance triggers
A progress-style indicator during payments to improve system feedback
Impact
Prototype testing highlights:
90% said the login flow felt “fast and smooth”
85% were excited to use the virtual card in place of the physical one
95% appreciated the flexibility to choose their own top-up amount
80% said they'd definitely use auto top-up
Conclusion
The redesigned TFI Leap Card mobile app addresses key user pain points by simplifying the login process, introducing a virtual card, enabling auto top-ups, and allowing custom top-up amounts. These enhancements aim to provide users with greater control and convenience in managing their public transport needs.
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What I learned
This project taught me the value of designing for real commuter moments - like topping up your card while running for the bus.
It also reminded me how powerful small UX tweaks can be when they’re rooted in research and behavioural insight.
Iteration is key: that first version’s onboarding was 'technically right' but clunky, so cutting it down made a huge difference.
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